LANDSCAPING & YARD 

 

Wisteria - Native Blue

Thrives in full sun (at least 6 hours daily)

Can tolerate partial shade, but flowering will be reduced

Prefers moist, well-drained soil

Adaptable to different soil types, including some clay

Plant in spring or early fall

Avoid overly rich soil to prevent excessive leafy growth

Keep soil consistently moist during the first growing season

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant

Water deeply rather than frequently for stronger root development

Requires a strong support structure such as a trellis, arbor, fence, or pergola

Even though it’s less aggressive than non-native types, it still becomes woody and heavy over time. Begin training early to guide growth and prevent tangling

 

Weeping Willow

Grows best in full sun (6+ hours daily)

Can tolerate light shade, but growth may be less vigorous

Prefers moist, well-drained soil, but tolerates a range of conditions

Thrives in loamy or slightly wet soils—great near water

Plant in spring or fall

Give it plenty of space; roots spread widely

Needs consistent moisture, especially when young

Not drought tolerant—soil should not dry out completely

Mature trees still prefer regular watering in dry periods

 

Eastern Redbud 

Grows well in full sun to partial shade

Best flowering occurs with at least 4–6 hours of sun

Prefers well-drained soil

Tolerates a range of soils, including clay, as long as drainage is good

Plant in spring or fall

Avoid waterlogged sites

Keep soil evenly moist during establishment

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant

Water during extended dry periods

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Japanese Red Maple 

Prefers partial shade to full sun (depending on climate)

In cooler climates, it can handle full sun if soil stays moist

In hotter areas, afternoon shade is important to prevent leaf scorch

Best color and leaf health often come from filtered light or morning sun + afternoon shade

Grows best in well-drained, slightly acidic soil

Prefers loamy soil rich in organic matter

Avoid heavy clay or poorly drained sites

Plant in spring or early fall for best root establishment

Mulch lightly to maintain moisture and protect shallow roots

Needs consistent moisture, especially in the first 2–3 years

Shallow roots dry out quickly, so deep watering is better than frequent light watering

Once established, still prefers regular watering during dry periods

Avoid drought stress and waterlogged soil

 

Pussy Willow - White

Prefers full sun (6+ hours daily)

Can tolerate light shade, but best growth and catkin production occur in full sun

Thrives in moist to wet, well-drained soil

Tolerates clay and poorly drained areas better than many shrubs

Ideal for low spots or near water features

Plant in spring or fall

Requires consistently moist soil, especially when young

Not drought tolerant—avoid letting soil dry out

Established plants still benefit from regular watering in dry conditions

 

Corkscrew Willow 

Prefers full sun for best growth and strongest branch curl

Tolerates light shade, but growth may be less vigorous and more open

Grows best in moist, well-drained soil, but is highly adaptable

Tolerates clay, loam, and wetter soils better than many trees

Plant in spring or early fall

Give it space—this is a fast-growing, spreading tree with brittle wood

Needs regular moisture, especially when young

Performs very well in consistently damp or low-lying areas

Once established, still prefers moist soil and is not drought tolerant

Avoid long dry periods for best health

Young trees may benefit from staking in windy areas due to brittle branches

Pruning is often needed to manage rapid growth and breakage-prone limbs

Not recommended near buildings or power lines because branches can become weak and storm-damaged

 

Dogwood - Yellow Twig 

Grows best in full sun to partial shade

Full sun produces the brightest yellow stem color, especially in winter

Partial shade is fine, but stem color may be less vivid

Prefers moist, well-drained soil

Thrives in loamy or slightly wet soils

Tolerates clay and periodically wet sites very well

Plant in spring or early fall

Works well in rain gardens, borders, and naturalized areas

Needs consistent moisture, especially when young

Handles wet soils better than most shrubs

Once established, still performs best with regular watering in dry periods

Avoid prolonged drought stress, which dulls growth and stem color

Naturally grows as a multi-stem shrub

To maintain bright stem color, prune hard in late winter or early spring (this encourages vigorous new yellow stems)

Can be cut back to near ground level every 1–3 years to rejuvenate color and density

 

Dogwood - Pagoda 

Prefers partial shade (especially afternoon shade)

Tolerates full sun in cooler climates if soil stays moist

Too much shade can reduce flowering and weaken branching structure

Grows best in moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soil

Likes rich woodland-type soil (loam with organic matter)

Avoid heavy, compacted, or drought-prone sites

Plant in spring or early fall for best establishment

Good choice for woodland edges or understory planting

Needs consistent moisture, especially during establishment

Does not tolerate prolonged drought well

Once established, still benefits from watering during dry periods

Mulching helps keep roots cool and moist

Naturally develops a distinctive layered, horizontal branching pattern (“pagoda” shape)

Minimal pruning needed—only remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches

Avoid heavy pruning, as it can disrupt its natural form and reduce flowering

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Magnolia - Jane 

Grows best in full sun to partial shade

6+ hours of sun produces the best flowering

Afternoon shade can help in hotter climates

Prefers rich, well-drained, slightly acidic soil

Avoid heavy, waterlogged soils

Plant in spring or early fall for best establishment

Keep mulch around the base to maintain soil moisture and temperature

Needs consistent moisture, especially in the first 1–2 years

Once established, is moderately drought tolerant

Water deeply during dry periods rather than frequent shallow watering

Grown as a small ornamental tree or large shrub

Produces large purple-pink, tulip-shaped flowers in spring (often before leaves fully emerge)

Generally low-maintenance once established

Avoid heavy pruning—light shaping only after flowering if needed

 

Cypress - Murray 

Prefers full sun for fastest, densest growth

Tolerates light partial shade, but may become thinner over time

Grows best in well-drained soil, but is highly adaptable

Tolerates clay, loam, and sandy soils if drainage is adequate

Plant in spring or early fall

Space generously—this is a fast-growing large evergreen

Water regularly during the first 1–2 years to establish roots

Once established, is fairly drought tolerant

Avoid prolonged soggy soil conditions

May benefit from light staking when young in very windy sites

Naturally forms a tall, dense evergreen screen or windbreak with minimal training

 

Boxwood - Green Velvet 

Grows well in full sun to partial shade

Best color and density typically in light shade or morning sun with afternoon protection

Can tolerate deeper shade, but growth becomes looser and less dense

Prefers well-drained, loamy soil

Tolerates a range of soils but does not like consistently wet roots

Plant in spring or early fall

Mulch lightly to help retain moisture and stabilize soil temperature

Water regularly during the first 1–2 years to establish roots

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant

Avoid overwatering and soggy conditions, which can lead to root issues

Can be lightly pruned to maintain shape or used for hedges and borders

Responds well to shearing but also holds a neat rounded form naturally

 

Arborvitae - Emerald Green

Prefers full sun to partial shade

Best growth and density in at least 6 hours of sun daily

Too much shade can cause thinning and reduced vigor

Grows best in moist, well-drained soil

Tolerates clay or sandy soils if drainage is good

Plant in spring or early fall for strong root establishment

Space plants properly for hedging (don’t overcrowd—airflow matters)

Water regularly during the first 1–2 years after planting

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant, but prefers consistent moisture

Avoid prolonged dry soil or waterlogged conditions

Naturally grows in a tight, upright column shape, making it ideal for privacy screens and hedges

 

Arborvitae - Danica 

Grows best in full sun to partial shade

At least 4–6 hours of sun daily helps maintain dense, compact growth

Too much shade can make it sparse and less uniform

Prefers moist, well-drained soil

Adaptable to loam, sandy, or clay soils if drainage is good

Plant in spring or early fall for best root establishment

Works well in foundation plantings, borders, and containers

Keep soil evenly moist during the first 1–2 years

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant

Avoid both prolonged dryness and waterlogged soil

Naturally forms a compact, globe-shaped shrub

No staking or training needed—minimal pruning required, only for shaping if desired

 

Green Giant Arborvitae 

Green Giant arborvitae is a fast-growing, dense evergreen commonly used for privacy screens and windbreaks. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and adapts to a wide range of soils, as long as they are well-drained; it prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Plant in spring or early fall, spacing trees about 5–8 feet apart for a solid hedge or 12–15 feet apart for individual specimens. Water regularly during establishment—about 1 inch per week—but once established it is fairly drought-tolerant. Mulching helps conserve moisture and protect shallow roots. Green Giant is low-maintenance and typically does not require regular pruning, though light shaping can be done if needed. It grows quickly, often 3–5 feet per year, eventually reaching 30–50 feet tall and forming a dense, pyramidal screen year-round.

 

PeeGee Hydrangea 

Hydrangea grandiflora, often called PeeGee hydrangea, is a hardy, fast-growing flowering shrub known for its large cone-shaped white blooms that age to pink as they mature. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained, fertile soil with consistent moisture and a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Plant in spring or fall, spacing shrubs about 8–15 feet apart depending on how large you want them to mature, since they can reach 10–25 feet tall if unpruned. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during establishment and flowering, and mulch to conserve moisture and reduce weeds. Blooms form on new wood, so it should be pruned in late winter or early spring to encourage strong new growth and larger flower panicles. It typically begins blooming in mid to late summer and continues into fall.

 

Tardiva Hydrangea 

Hydrangea tardiva is a hardy, late-blooming panicle hydrangea known for its elongated white flower clusters that appear later in the season than most hydrangeas, often continuing into early fall. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers moist, well-drained, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Plant in spring or fall, spacing shrubs about 6–10 feet apart depending on desired size, as mature plants can reach 8–12 feet tall and wide. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during establishment and flowering, and mulch to help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature. Since it blooms on new wood, prune in late winter or early spring to encourage strong new shoots and abundant flowers. Bloom time typically begins in late summer and extends well into fall, making it valuable for late-season interest.

 

Viburnum “Carlcephalum” 

Viburnum carlcephalum is a deciduous flowering shrub valued for its large, fragrant white snowball-like blooms that appear in late spring. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers moist, well-drained, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Plant in spring or fall, spacing shrubs about 6–10 feet apart depending on desired mature size (typically 6–10 feet tall and wide). Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during establishment and dry periods, and mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. It generally requires little pruning, but light shaping can be done right after flowering if needed, since it blooms on old wood. Flowering occurs in late spring, followed by occasional red fruit that matures to black and can attract birds.

 

Dwarf Korean Lilac 

Dwarf Korean Lilac is a compact, slow-growing lilac valued for its fragrant lavender-pink flower clusters that bloom in late spring. It grows best in full sun for the strongest flowering and prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Plant in spring or fall, spacing shrubs about 4–6 feet apart since mature plants typically reach 4–5 feet tall and wide. Water regularly during establishment—about 1 inch per week—but once established it is fairly drought-tolerant. Mulch helps conserve moisture and keep roots cool. Prune lightly right after flowering if needed, since it blooms on old wood; avoid heavy pruning late in the season or you will remove next year’s flower buds. Blooms appear in late spring and are highly fragrant, attracting pollinators.

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FRUIT TREES

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Plum - Alderman

Requires full sun (at least 6–8 hours daily)

Adequate sunlight is essential for good fruit production

Prefers well-drained, fertile soil

Tolerates a range of soil types but performs best in loamy soil

Plant in early spring in colder climates

Needs good air circulation to reduce disease risk

Keep soil consistently moist, especially during establishment and fruit development

Avoid waterlogged conditions

Deep watering is preferred over frequent shallow watering

Produces large, red plums with yellow flesh

Fruit is sweet with a mild tartness, good for fresh eating and preserves

Typically ripens in mid to late summer

Requires a pollinator (another compatible plum variety) for reliable fruit set

 

Pear - Pineapple

Needs full sun (6–8 hours daily) for best growth and fruitingPrefers well-drained soil, ideally loamy. Tolerates a range of soils if drainage is good

Plant in early spring (or fall in milder climates)

Allow space for airflow to reduce disease

Keep soil consistently moist, especially during establishment and fruit development

Avoid soggy conditions

Deep, occasional watering is better than frequent shallow watering

Produces medium to large pears with a mild, sweet flavor and slight pineapple-like note

Best used for canning, cooking, and preserves (firm texture)

Typically ripens in late summer to early fall

Requires a pollinator (another pear variety) for reliable fruit production

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Pear - Moonglow 

Requires full sun (6–8 hours daily) for strong growth and fruiting

Prefers well-drained, fertile soil

Performs best in loamy soil but adapts if drainage is good

Plant in early spring in colder climates

Provide good air circulation to help prevent disease

Keep soil consistently moist, especially while establishing and during fruit development

Avoid waterlogged conditions

Water deeply rather than frequently

Produces medium to large green pears with smooth texture

Flavor is sweet and mild, good for fresh eating and canning

Ripens in early to mid-fall

Partially self-fertile but yields improve with a pollinator (another pear variety)

 

Peach - Contender

Requires full sun (6–8 hours daily) for optimal growth and fruiting

Prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil

Avoid heavy, poorly drained soils

Plant in early spring in colder climates

Choose a site with good air circulation to reduce disease

Keep soil consistently moist, especially during establishment and fruit development

Do not allow soil to become waterlogged

Deep watering is preferred over frequent shallow watering

Produces medium to large peaches with red-over-yellow skin

Flesh is sweet, juicy, and yellow, good for fresh eating, baking, and freezing

Freestone variety (pit separates easily)

Typically ripens in mid to late summer

Self-fertile, so it does not require another tree for pollination
 

Peach - Bounty 

Needs full sun (6–8 hours daily) for strong growth and fruit production

Prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil

Avoid heavy or poorly drained soils

Plant in early spring in colder climates

Ensure good air circulation to reduce disease risk

Keep soil consistently moist, especially during establishment and fruit development

Avoid soggy conditions

Water deeply rather than frequently

Produces large peaches with a red blush over yellow skin

Flesh is firm, sweet, and yellow, excellent for fresh eating and processing

Freestone variety (pit separates easily)

Typically ripens in midseason (summer)

Self-fertile, so it does not require a second tree for fruit production

 

Chestnut - Chinese

Requires full sun (6–8+ hours daily) for best nut production

Shade reduces flowering and nut yield

Prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soil

Adaptable to loam and sandy soils; avoid heavy, waterlogged sites

Plant in spring or early fall

Give it plenty of space—large spreading tree at maturity

Planting more than one tree improves pollination and nut set

Water regularly during the first 2–3 years to establish deep roots

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant

Avoid overwatering or poorly drained conditions

Produces sweet, edible chestnuts enclosed in spiny burrs

Nuts are typically ready for harvest in early to mid-fall

Often begins bearing nuts in 3–5 years (earlier than many nut trees)

Much more blight-resistant than American chestnut, making it a reliable producer

 

Asian Pear - Shinko 

Requires full sun (6–8 hours daily) for best fruit production

More sun = better fruit size, sweetness, and disease resistance

Prefers well-drained, fertile soil (loam is ideal)

Avoid heavy, waterlogged soils

Plant in early spring (or fall in mild climates)

Provide good air circulation to reduce fungal issues like fire blight

Keep soil consistently moist during establishment and fruit development

Water deeply rather than frequently

Avoid both drought stress and soggy conditions

Produces large, round Asian pears with smooth golden-brown skin

Flesh is crisp, very juicy, and sweet with low acidity

Excellent for fresh eating and storage (stores well after harvest)

Typically ripens in late summer to early fall

Generally not fully self-fertile—best fruit set with another Asian pear variety nearby

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Apricot - Moorpark 

Requires full sun (6–8+ hours daily) for best fruiting

More sun improves fruit sweetness, color, and disease resistance

Prefers well-drained, fertile soil (loam is ideal)

Avoid heavy, poorly drained or constantly wet soils

Plant in early spring after severe frost risk has passed

Choose a site with good air circulation to reduce fungal disease

Water regularly during the first 2–3 years to establish roots

Keep soil evenly moist during flowering and fruit development

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant, but still fruits best with consistent moisture

Avoid waterlogged conditions

Produces large, golden-orange apricots often with a red blush

Flesh is sweet, aromatic, and rich in flavor when fully ripe

Excellent for fresh eating, drying, and preserves

Typically ripens in mid to late summer

Often begins bearing fruit in 3–5 years under good conditions

May benefit from another apricot variety nearby for improved pollination, though it is often partially self-fertile

 

Apple - Yellow Delicious 

Requires full sun (6–8 hours daily)

Sun exposure is critical for fruit sweetness, color development, and yield

Prefers well-drained, fertile soil (loamy soil is ideal)

Avoid heavy, waterlogged soils that can lead to root issues

Plant in early spring or fall

Provide good air circulation to reduce disease pressure (especially apple scab)

Water regularly during the first 2–3 years to establish a strong root system

Keep soil evenly moist during flowering and fruit development

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant but produces best with consistent moisture

Avoid extended dry periods or soggy conditions

Young trees may benefit from staking for the first 1–2 years, especially in windy areas

Proper early pruning helps develop a strong central leader and sturdy branching for fruit load

 

Apple - Jonagold

Requires full sun (6–8+ hours daily)

Strong sunlight improves fruit size, color, and sweetness

Prefers well-drained, fertile loamy soil

Avoid heavy clay that stays wet for long periods

Plant in early spring or fall

Ensure good air circulation to help prevent fungal diseases like apple scab

Water consistently during the first 2–3 years while establishing

Keep soil evenly moist during flowering and fruit development

Once mature, it is moderately drought tolerant but fruits best with regular moisture

Avoid both prolonged dryness and waterlogged soil

Produces large apples, often round to slightly oblate in shape

Skin is typically golden-yellow with a red-orange blush or striping

Flesh is creamy yellow, crisp, and very juicy

Flavor is well-balanced—sweet with a mild tartness and rich aromatic notes

Excellent for fresh eating, baking, and cider

Typically ripens in mid to late fall

Stores reasonably well in cool storage, often improving in flavor after short storage

 

Apple - Enterprise

Requires full sun (6–8+ hours daily)

Strong sun improves fruit color, flavor, and disease resistance

Prefers well-drained, fertile soil (loam is ideal)

Avoid poorly drained or compacted soils

Plant in early spring or fall

Provide good air circulation to help reduce disease pressure (especially apple scab and fire blight resistance helps, but airflow still matters)

Water regularly during the first 2–3 years to establish roots

Keep soil evenly moist during flowering and fruit development

Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant but performs best with consistent moisture

Avoid prolonged dry spells or soggy soil

Produces medium to large apples with dark red to purple-red skin

Flesh is crisp, firm, and yellowish-white

Flavor is balanced—mildly sweet with a pleasant tang, often considered more complex after storage

Excellent for fresh eating and storage (very good keeper apple)

Typically ripens in late fall (often October in colder climates)

Known for excellent disease resistance, especially to apple scab and fire blight

 

Apple - Fuji 

Requires full sun (6–8+ hours daily)

Strong sunlight improves sweetness, color, and fruit size

Prefers well-drained, fertile loamy soil

Avoid heavy, poorly drained soils

Plant in early spring or fall

Ensure good air circulation to help reduce disease issues like apple scab

Water regularly during the first 2–3 years to establish roots

Keep soil evenly moist during flowering and fruit development

Once established, moderately drought tolerant, but best fruit quality comes with consistent moisture

Produces medium to large apples with pink-red to red-striped skin over a yellow-green base

Flesh is very crisp, dense, and extremely juicy

Flavor is very sweet with low acidity, often considered one of the sweetest apples

Excellent for fresh eating, salads, and juicing

Typically ripens in mid to late fall

Stores exceptionally well—often improves in sweetness during storage

Usually needs a pollinator (another apple variety) for best fruit set

 

BERRY BUSHES & UNIQUE TREES 

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Adam’s Elderberry 

Grows best in full sun to partial shade

Full sun = best flower and berry production

Partial shade is tolerated, but may reduce fruit yield

Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil

Very adaptable—tolerates clay, loam, and wetter soils

Ideal for rain gardens or low-lying areas

Plant in spring or early fall

Space well—this is a large, spreading shrub

Needs consistent moisture, especially during establishment and fruiting

Tolerates periodic wet soil better than dry conditions

Once established, still benefits from watering during dry spells

Avoid prolonged drought stress, which reduces berry production

Naturally grows as a multi-stem shrub (often 6–12 ft tall and wide)

Prune in late winter to remove old canes and encourage new, more productive growth

Cutting back older stems helps improve flowering and fruiting density.

 

Johns Elderberry 

Johns elderberry is a vigorous, cold-hardy shrub grown for its large clusters of dark purple-black berries used in syrups, jams, and wine. It performs best in full sun and moist, fertile, well-drained soil with a pH around 5.5–6.5, though it tolerates wetter sites better than most fruiting shrubs. Plant in early spring, spacing shrubs about 6–10 feet apart, and mulch well to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Keep soil consistently moist, aiming for about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruit development. Johns is partially self-fertile but produces better yields when planted with another elderberry variety nearby for cross-pollination. Plants typically begin fruiting in 2–3 years, with harvest in late summer when berry clusters turn fully dark and droop under their weight. Prune in late winter by removing old canes and encouraging strong new growth, since fruit is produced on younger wood.

 

Ranch Elderberry 

Ranch elderberry is a vigorous, cold-hardy shrub valued for its heavy yields of dark purple-black berries used in syrups, jellies, and wines. It grows best in full sun and moist, fertile, well-drained soil with a pH around 5.5–6.5, though it tolerates wetter soils better than many fruiting shrubs. Plant in early spring, spacing shrubs about 6–10 feet apart, and mulch well to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruit development. Ranch elderberry is partially self-fertile but produces better yields when another elderberry variety is planted nearby for cross-pollination. Plants typically begin fruiting in 2–3 years, with harvest in late summer when berry clusters turn fully dark. Prune in late winter by removing older canes to encourage strong new growth and higher productivity.

 

Anne Raspberry 

Anne’s raspberries (Rubus idaeus 'Anne') grow best in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.8. Plant in early spring with crowns at soil level, spacing plants 18–24 inches apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–1.5 inches of water per week, and mulch to retain moisture and control weeds. As primocane-fruiting plants, they can be cut to the ground each late winter for one large fall crop, or left for a smaller early-summer crop the following year. Fertilize lightly in spring, avoid excess nitrogen, and expect fruit from late August until frost when berries turn soft and golden.

 

Fall Gold Raspberry 

Fall Gold is an everbearing variety that produces sweet, yellow-gold berries on first-year canes. It grows best in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.8. Plant in early spring with crowns at soil level, spacing plants 18–24 inches apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–1.5 inches of water per week, and mulch to conserve moisture and control weeds. For a simple, heavy fall crop, cut all canes to the ground in late winter; alternatively, leave canes for a smaller early-summer crop followed by a fall harvest. Berries ripen from late summer until frost when they turn soft and golden and detach easily from the core.

 

Jaclyn Raspberry 

Jaclyn raspberry is an everbearing red raspberry that produces firm, sweet berries on first-year canes. It grows best in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.8. Plant in early spring with crowns at soil level, spacing plants about 18–24 inches apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–1.5 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, and use mulch to help retain moisture and reduce weeds. For a simple, heavy fall crop, cut all canes to the ground in late winter; for a smaller early-summer crop plus a fall crop, leave canes for a second-year harvest before removing them. Fruit typically ripens from late summer through frost.

 

Nova Raspberry 

Nova raspberry (Rubus idaeus 'Nova') is a hardy, early-season red raspberry known for its firm, sweet berries and reliable yields. It grows best in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.8. Plant in early spring with crowns at soil level, spacing plants about 18–24 inches apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1–1.5 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, and use mulch to conserve moisture and reduce weeds. Nova is floricane-fruiting, meaning it produces berries on second-year canes, so prune by removing canes that have already fruited while leaving new canes for next season’s crop. Fruit typically ripens in early summer, with a concentrated harvest period and good cold hardiness.

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Black Delicious Raspberry 

Black Delicious raspberry is a vigorous black raspberry known for its large, sweet berries with rich flavor, often used fresh or for jams and desserts. It grows best in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH around 5.8–6.5. Plant in early spring, spacing plants about 3–4 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart, and install a trellis or support system since canes arch heavily when fruiting. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1–1.5 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruit development, and mulch to conserve moisture and reduce weeds. Black raspberries fruit on second-year canes, so prune by removing canes that have fruited while leaving new first-year growth for next season’s crop. Harvest typically occurs in early to mid-summer when berries turn deep black and detach easily from the core.

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Blue Crop Blueberry 

Bluecrop blueberry is a reliable midseason highbush variety that grows best in full sun and acidic, well-drained soil with a pH around 4.5–5.5. Plant in early spring at the same depth as the nursery pot, spacing bushes about 4–6 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart to allow for mature growth. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week—especially during fruit development—while avoiding waterlogged conditions and using mulch to retain moisture. Bluecrop is self-fertile but produces larger yields when planted with another variety for cross-pollination. It typically begins producing meaningful harvests in 2–3 years, with large, firm berries ripening in mid-summer (around July) and mature plants yielding up to 10–20 pounds per season under good conditions. 

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Bonus Blueberry 

Bonus blueberry is a northern highbush variety known for its very large berries and late-season harvest. It grows best in full sun and acidic, well-drained soil with a pH around 4.5–5.5. Plant in early spring at the same depth as the container, spacing bushes about 4–6 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during fruiting, and use mulch like pine bark or sawdust to conserve moisture and maintain soil acidity. While self-fertile, it produces better yields with another blueberry variety nearby for cross-pollination. Plants typically begin producing in 2–3 years, with large, sweet berries ripening in late summer, often from late July into August.

 

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Patriot Blueberry 

Patriot blueberry is an early-ripening, cold-hardy highbush variety known for its large, flavorful berries and strong tolerance to wet or heavier soils. It grows best in full sun and acidic, well-drained soil with a pH around 4.5–5.5. Plant in early spring at the same depth as the nursery container, spacing bushes about 4–5 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, and mulch with pine bark or similar acidic material to retain moisture and maintain soil acidity. While Patriot is partially self-fertile, yields improve with another blueberry variety nearby for cross-pollination. It typically begins producing in 2–3 years, with harvest in early to mid-summer and strong yields on mature plants.

 

Toro Blueberry 

Toro blueberry is a midseason highbush blueberry known for its large, firm berries that ripen in a concentrated flush. It grows best in full sun and acidic, well-drained soil with a pH around 4.5–5.5. Plant in early spring at the same depth as the nursery pot, spacing bushes about 4–6 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruit development, and mulch with pine bark or similar acidic organic material to help maintain soil moisture and pH. Toro is partially self-fertile, but yields improve when planted with another blueberry variety nearby for cross-pollination. It typically begins producing in 2–3 years, with harvest in mid-summer and strong productivity once established.

 

Sunrise Blueberry

Sunrise blueberry is an early-ripening highbush blueberry valued for its sweet, aromatic berries and good cold hardiness. It grows best in full sun and acidic, well-drained soil with a pH around 4.5–5.5. Plant in early spring at the same depth as the nursery container, spacing bushes about 4–6 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during flowering and fruit development, and mulch with pine bark, needles, or other acidic organic material to help retain moisture and maintain soil acidity. Sunrise is partially self-fertile, but produces better yields when another blueberry variety is nearby for cross-pollination. It typically begins fruiting in 2–3 years, with harvest in early summer and a relatively concentrated ripening period.

 

Consort Currant 

Consort currant is a cold-hardy black currant valued for its disease resistance and tart, vitamin-rich berries. It grows well in full sun to partial shade and prefers moist, well-drained soil with a pH around 6.0–7.0. Plant in early spring, setting bushes slightly deeper than they were in the pot to encourage strong root development, and space them about 4–5 feet apart. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during fruiting, and mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Consort is self-fertile, so a single plant will produce fruit, typically beginning in 2–3 years, with berries ripening in early to mid-summer. Prune annually by removing older wood to encourage productive new growth.

 

Bianca White Currant 

Bianca white currant is a hardy, productive shrub known for its translucent white berries that are mild, sweet-tart, and excellent for fresh eating, jelly, or desserts. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers cool, moist, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH around 6.0–6.5. Plant in early spring, setting the crown slightly below soil level, and space shrubs about 3–5 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, and mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Bianca is self-fertile, so a single plant will produce fruit, typically starting in 2–3 years. Prune annually in late winter by removing older wood and opening the center of the shrub to improve airflow and maintain consistent yields.

 

Geneva Hardy Kiwi 

Geneva hardy kiwi is a vigorous, cold-hardy vine that produces smooth, grape-sized green fruit with a sweet, tropical flavor. It grows best in full sun and fertile, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH. Plant in spring, spacing vines about 10–15 feet apart, and provide a strong trellis or arbor since vines can grow 20+ feet long. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during establishment and fruiting, and mulch to retain moisture. Most plants require both a male and female for pollination, though one male can support several females. Vines typically begin producing in 3–5 years, with fruit ripening in early to mid-fall when slightly soft and easy to pick.

 

Arctic Beauty Hardy Kiwi 

Arctic Beauty hardy kiwi is a cold-hardy, climbing vine grown for both its pink-and-white variegated leaves and small, sweet, grape-sized fruit. It grows best in full sun to partial shade (morning sun with afternoon shade is ideal) and prefers fertile, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH. Plant in spring or fall at the same depth as the root ball, spacing vines about 8–12 feet apart and providing a trellis or arbor for support, as vines can reach 15–20 feet long. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during establishment and fruit development, but avoid waterlogging. Most plants are either male or female, so you typically need at least one male to pollinate several females for fruit production. Vines usually begin bearing in about 2–4 years, with fruit ripening in late summer; the smooth-skinned berries can be eaten whole when soft and fully ripe.

 

Ana Hardy Kiwi 

Ana hardy kiwi often called “Anna,” is a vigorous, cold-hardy vine that produces smooth, grape-sized green fruits with a sweet, pineapple-like flavor. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers fertile, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH. Plant in spring, spacing vines about 10–15 feet apart, and provide a strong trellis, arbor, or fence since mature vines can easily reach 20+ feet in length. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during establishment and fruit development, and mulch to retain moisture. Like other hardy kiwis, it is usually not self-fertile, so you need at least one male vine to pollinate female plants for fruit production. Vines typically begin bearing in 3–5 years, with fruit ripening in early to mid-fall when slightly soft and aromatic.

 

Black Velvet Gooseberry 

Black Velvet gooseberry is a hardy, thorny shrub that produces large, dark purple to nearly black berries with a rich, sweet-tart flavor. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.5. Plant in early spring, setting the crown slightly below soil level, and space shrubs about 3–5 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, and mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. It is self-fertile, so a single plant will produce fruit, typically starting in 2–3 years. Prune annually in late winter by removing older, unproductive wood to maintain airflow and encourage new growth and higher yields.

 

Hinnonmaki Red Gooseberry 

Hinnonmaki Red gooseberry is a cold-hardy, compact shrub that produces small, sweet-tart red berries in early to mid-summer. It grows best in full sun to partial shade (some afternoon shade is helpful in warmer areas) and prefers well-drained soil with a pH around 6.0–6.5. Plant in early spring, setting the crown slightly deeper than it was in the pot, and space bushes about 3–5 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, and mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds. This variety is self-fertile, so one plant will produce fruit, typically starting in 2–3 years. Prune annually in late winter by removing older wood and opening the center to maintain airflow and productivity.

 

Jahns Prairie Gooseberry 

Jahns Prairie gooseberry is a hardy, thorny shrub known for its reliable yields of green berries that turn pale yellow-green when fully ripe and are excellent for fresh eating or cooking. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.5. Plant in early spring, setting the crown slightly below soil level, and space shrubs about 3–5 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during fruit development, and mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. It is self-fertile, so a single plant will produce fruit, typically beginning in 2–3 years. Prune annually in late winter by removing older, unproductive wood and opening the center of the shrub to improve airflow and fruiting.

 

Jeanne Gooseberry 

Jeanne gooseberry is a hardy, productive gooseberry shrub valued for its large, sweet-tart red berries and good disease resistance. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a pH around 6.0–6.5. Plant in early spring, setting the crown slightly below soil level, and space bushes about 3–5 feet apart. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, and mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Jeanne is self-fertile, so a single plant will produce fruit, typically starting in 2–3 years. Prune annually in late winter by removing older canes and opening the center to improve airflow and maintain strong yields.

 

Viking Aronia Berry 

Viking aronia is a very hardy, low-maintenance fruiting shrub grown for its clusters of dark purple-black berries, which are extremely high in antioxidants and commonly used in juices, jams, and supplements. It grows best in full sun (for best fruit production) but tolerates partial shade, and adapts well to a wide range of soils as long as they are well-drained; it performs well in slightly acidic to neutral conditions. Plant in spring or fall, spacing shrubs about 4–6 feet apart. Keep soil moderately moist—about 1 inch of water per week during establishment and dry spells—but once established it is quite drought-tolerant. Mulch helps conserve moisture and reduce weeds. Viking is self-fertile, so a single plant will produce fruit, typically beginning in 2–3 years. Prune in late winter to remove older stems and encourage fresh, productive growth. Berries ripen in late summer to early fall when they turn deep black-purple.

 

Hardy Paw Paw 

Hardy pawpaw is a native North American fruit tree that produces tropical-flavored, custard-like fruits in late summer to early fall. It grows best in full sun to partial shade, but young trees prefer light shade for their first few years to avoid leaf scorch. Plant in spring in deep, fertile, well-drained soil with a pH around 5.5–7.0, and space trees about 10–15 feet apart since they form small understory trees at maturity. Keep soil consistently moist with about 1–2 inches of water per week, especially during establishment and fruit development, and mulch heavily to retain moisture and protect shallow roots. Pawpaws are not reliably self-fertile, so planting at least two genetically different trees improves pollination and fruit set. Trees typically begin bearing fruit in 5–8 years, with fruit ripening in late August to September when they soften and give off a strong fragrance. 

 

Trader Mulberry 

Trader mulberry is a fast-growing, cold-hardy fruit tree known for its sweet, dark purple berries that resemble elongated blackberries. It grows best in full sun and adapts to a wide range of soils, but prefers well-drained soil with a pH around 5.5–7.0. Plant in spring or fall, spacing trees about 15–20 feet apart to allow for their spreading canopy. Water regularly during establishment—about 1 inch per week—but once established, it is quite drought-tolerant and low-maintenance. Mulch helps conserve moisture and reduce weed competition, especially in the first few years. Trader mulberry is self-fertile, so a single tree will produce fruit, typically beginning in 2–4 years. Harvest occurs in early to mid-summer when berries turn dark and easily detach from the branch, often over a staggered ripening period. Prune lightly in late winter to control size and shape, as mulberries can grow vigorously.

 

American Persimmon 

Highly adaptable but prefers well-drained soil

Grows in loam, sandy, and even poorer soils, as long as drainage is adequate

Avoid permanently wet, waterlogged sites

Plant in spring or early fall

Allow plenty of space—this becomes a medium to large spreading tree

Prefers full sun (6–8+ hours daily) for best fruit production

Tolerates partial shade, but fruiting is reduced and trees grow less vigorously

Water regularly during the first 2–3 years to establish deep roots

Once established, it is quite drought tolerant

Still produces best fruit with occasional deep watering during dry periods

Avoid overwatering or soggy soil

Produces small to medium round fruits, about the size of a large plum

Skin is orange to deep orange-brown when ripe

Flesh is very soft, jelly-like, and extremely sweet once fully ripe

Typically ripens in mid to late fall

 

Tundra Haskap 

Tundra haskap is a very cold-hardy berry shrub that produces elongated blue fruits with a sweet-tart flavor similar to a mix of blueberry and raspberry. It grows best in full sun and well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH around 5.5–7.0. Plant in early spring, spacing bushes about 4–5 feet apart in rows 6–8 feet apart, and mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Keep soil evenly moist with about 1 inch of water per week, especially during flowering and fruiting, since drought can reduce berry size and yield. Tundra is not fully self-fertile, so plant at least one other compatible haskap variety nearby (such as ‘Borealis’) for good pollination and fruit set. Plants typically begin producing in 2–3 years, with harvest in late spring to early summer when berries turn deep blue and taste sweet throughout.